本篇文章给大家谈谈2018年考研英语一阅读翻译，以及2018年英语一考研真题及答案对应的知识点，文章可能有点长，但是希望大家可以阅读完，增长自己的知识，最重要的是希望对各位有所帮助，可以解决了您的问题，不要忘了收藏本站喔。
本文目录
一、2021年考研英语一翻译真题解析
2021年考研英语一翻译真题解析：
Part C: Read the following text are fully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.( 10 points)
46. Those societies came out of the war with levels of enrollment that had been roughly constant at 3%-5% of the relevant age groups during the decades before the war.
【解析】1.这句话主干为Those societies came out of the war.
2. with levels of enrollment是介宾短语作状语;
3. that had been roughly constant at 3%-5% of the relevant age groups是定语从句修饰前面levels of enrollment.
【参考译文】战争结束后，这些社会的入学率仍旧保持在战前几十年里相关年龄段的3%-5%。
47. And the demand that rose in those societies of entry to higher education extended to groups and social classes that had not thought of attending a university before the war.
【解析】1.这句话主干为the demand extended to groups and social classes，其中extended为谓语动词;
2. that rose in those societies of entry to higher education定语从句修饰demand;
3. that had not thought of attending a university before the war定语从句修饰前面groups and social classes.
【参考译文】那些社会中对获得高等教育的需求不断上升，战前没有想过上大学的群体和社会阶层也逐步有了这样的需求。
48. In many countries of western Europe, the numbers of student in higher education doubled within five-years periods during the 1960s and doubled again in seven, eight or 10 years by the middle of 1970 s.
【解析】这句话主干为the numbers of student in higher education doubled and double again，In many countries of western Europe为地点状语，其他部分为时间状语从句。
【参考译文】20世纪60年代，许多西欧国家接受高等教育的学生人数在5年内翻了一番，到70年代中期，在7年、8年或10年里又翻了一番。
49. and when the new staff are predominantly young men and women fresh from past graduate study, they largely define the norms of academic life in that faculty.
【解析】这句话主干为they largely define the norms of academic life in that faculty，when引导的是时间状语从句;其中fresh from past graduate study是形容词短语修饰men and women。
【参考译文】新员工当中大部分是刚毕业的年轻男女时，他们在很大程度上定义了该院的学术生活规范。
50. High growth rates increased the chances for academic innovation, they also weakened the forms and process by which teachers and students are admitted into a community of scholars during periods of stability or slow growth.
【解析】1.这句话主干是一个并列句为High growth rates increased the chances for academic innovation, they also weakened the forms and process;
2. by which teachers and students are admitted into a community of scholars during periods of stability or slow growth定语从句修饰forms and process.
【参考译文】高增长率增加了学术创新的机会，同时也削弱了教师和学生在稳定或缓慢增长时期加入学者群体的形式和过程。
2021年考研英语一翻译真题解析的内容小编就说到这里了，更多关于考研备考技巧，报名入口，考研报名时间，考研成绩查询，考研报名费用，准考证打印入口及时间等问题，小编会及时更新。希望各位考生都能进入自己的理想考研院校。希望大家能好好复习。取得佳绩。
二、考研英语阅读及翻译题的来源
一、2009年考研英语文章出处摘选自《2011年考研英语大逆转》
1.完形填空纽约时报（The New York Times） The Cost of Smarts
www.nytimes.com/2008/05/07/opinion/07wed4.html
2.阅读第一篇纽约时报（The New York Times） Can You Become a Creature of New Habits？
www.nytimes.com/2008/05/07/opinion/07wed4.html
3.阅读第二篇科学美国人（Scientific American） Who’’s Your Daddy？ The Answer May Be at the Drugstore
www.sciam.com/article.cfm？id=who-is-your-daddy-the-answer-may-be-at-the-drugstore
4.阅读第三篇麦肯锡季刊（The Mckinsey Quarterly） Educating global workers
www.mckinseyquarterly.com/Educating_global_workers_1375
encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761561730_6/Culture.html
二、2010年考研英语阅读及翻译题的来源
考研英语完型填空部分，使用了2009年6月6日 Economist《经济学人》杂志上的一篇文章，文章主要内容，是对社会学上一个经典的理论：霍桑效应的批判和反思。文章难度适中。命题专家在出题的时候也进行了一定程度的改写。
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_569c4e040100dmkj.html questioning the Hawthorne effect或Light work; Questioning the Hawthorne effect，June 6, 2009
http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/08_09/b4073068471067.htm
Harvard_Business_Review200702，标题是：The Accidental Influentials
Accounting rules are under attack. Standard-setters should defend them. Politicians and banks should back off. Economist Staff- The Economist《经济学人》杂志，April 10, 2009
http://jobfunctions.bnet.com/abstract.aspx?docid=104383，A Wholesale Shift in European Groceries
原文选自李奥帕德的《沙郡岁月：李奥帕德的自然沉思》，本书是环保生态的经典著作，中译本由吴美真翻译，中国社会科学出版社出版。
给2011年参加考研的学生的几点建议：
1．打好基础，从文章的改写情况和考试命题趋势来看，考研对于大纲词汇要求还是很严格的，所以在准备考试之初就要背好单词，突破单词关。
2．选择较新的辅导材料和语言素材，从最近几年的考试来看，考研阅读理解部分的文章和考题的风格紧扣时代的节奏，主题很鲜明突出。因此选择合适的考研阅读素材来加强阅读显得非常重要。
三、2010年1月MBA翻译题的来源：摘选自《决胜MBA英语高级篇》
原文是来自一份杂志，叫“experience life”，出题人做了部分改动，原文和改动的文章如下：
Sustainability has become something of a buzzword（出题人把这个单词改为popular word） these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through everyday action and choice.
Ning, director of LOHAS(Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability), the Boulder, Colo.–based information clearinghouse on sustainable living, recalls spending a tumultuous（出题人把这个词改为了confusing） year in the late’90s selling insurance. He’d been through the dot-com boom and bust（出题人似乎把这个词改为burst了） and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency.
It didn’t go well.“It was a really bad move because that’s not my passion,” says Ning, whose ambivalence about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales.“I was miserable. I had so much anxiety that I would pull alongside of the highway and vomit, or wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said,‘Just wait, you’ll turn the corner, give it some time.’”
Ning stuck it out for a year because he simply didn’t know what else to do, but felt his happiness and health suffer as a result. He eventually quit and stumbled upon LOHAS in a help-wanted ad for a data analyst.“I didn’t know what LOHAS was,” he says,“but it sounded kinda neat.” It turned out to be a better fit than he could have ever imagined.
At the time, the LOHAS organization did little more than host a small annual conference in Boulder. It was a forum where progressive-minded companies could gather to compare notes on how to reach a values-driven segment of consumers— the LOHAS market— who seemed attracted to products and services that mirrored their interest in health, environmental stewardship, social justice, personal development and sustainable living.
In contrast with his disastrous foray into the insurance business, Ning’s new job felt like coming home. Growing up in the foothills of the Rockies outside of Denver, he’d developed a love of the outdoors and a respect for the earth, while his parents provided a model of social activism— the family traveled widely, and at one point his parents created and operated a nonprofit that offered microcredit loans to small businesses in Vietnam and Guatemala. He has three adopted sisters from Vietnam and Korea. He studied international relations and Chinese at Colorado University and slipped easily into the Boulder lifestyle— commuting by bike, eating organics, buying local and the rest— though he stopped short of the patchouli-and-dreadlocks phase embraced by many of his peers.(He opted instead for the university’s ski team and, after graduating, wound up coaching the Japanese development team during the Nagano Olympics in 1998.)
From his ground-level job, Ning moved quickly up the ranks in the organization, becoming its executive director in 2006.“When I got the job, LOHAS was a sleepy conference in Boulder,” says Ning. Today, the forum is booming, the organization is expanding and the market is evolving. Ning has more than grown into the position he stumbled on in the want ads.“I don’t consider this a job. It is really more of a calling.”
Ning, 41, coordinates the conference and oversees the organization’s annual journal and Web site(www.lohas.com), while compiling research on trends and opportunities for businesses. He also travels the country promoting— and explaining— the LOHAS concept and the burgeoning market it represents.
First identified by sociologist Paul Ray in the mid-1990s as“cultural creatives,” the U.S. market segment that embraces LOHAS today has grown to about 41 million consumers, or roughly 19 percent of American adults. But those LOHAS consumers are powerfully influencing the attitudes and behaviors of others(witness the rise of interest in yoga, all-natural products, simplicity and hybrid vehicles). Which is why LOHAS-related products now generate an estimated$209 billion annually.
“Over the last two years a green tidal wave has come over us,” says Ning. Riding that wave, says Ning, is not about jumping on a trend bandwagon. It’s connecting with— and acting on— a set of shared, instrinsic values.“People know what is authentic. You can’t preach this lifestyle and not live it,” he says. He and his wife, Jenifer, live in a solar-powered home, raise organic vegetables in their backyard and drive a car that gets 48 miles to the gallon. He even buys carbon offsets to negate the global warming impact of his cell phone.
Ning emphasizes that there are many different ways of“living LOHAS.” Ultimately, it’s really about finding a way of life that makes sense and feels good— now and for the long haul.“People are looking internally,” he says,“asking themselves,‘What really makes me happy?’ Is it the fact that I can go out and buy that giant flat-screen TV, or is it that I can have a quiet evening with my family just hanging out and playing a game of Scrabble?”
For Ning, it’s a no-brainer. He’ll take Scrabble every time.
三、解析:2012年考研英语一翻译
2012年考研英语翻译试题的特点表现在以下三个方面：1.五个句子超纲或较难的词汇较多；2.句子结构有些太复杂，有一些特别难分析的句子；3.话题也是广大考生不太熟悉的话题。2012年研究生入学考试英语一的翻译文章出自美国杂志《Nature》，题目是Universal Truths。这篇文章的理论性比较强，对于大家来说应该会感觉很有难度，大家首先要理解文章大意，依据专业性来定词义。比如empirical approach(经验主义方法)，因此难度是近三年最难的翻译文章，也是这次考试大家最感到吃力的试题部分。总体而言，今年的翻译试题感觉是“难懂难翻”。
我在今年冲刺班上反复强调的翻译必考的句子成分，尤其是后置定语，比如50题的strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations，属于我冲刺班提到的必考的名词短语的现象，以及一些常用从句的翻译，比如49题的两个后置定语which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints.，属于翻译必考的从句。47题的it seems reasonable to suppose that句型；以及最难的48题从句特多，构成理解的障碍。这些都是我在启航翻译课堂上反复提到必考的知识点，因此没掌握的学生肯定翻译不出来。下面我们把5个句子的参考译文提供出来，让2012年考生了解自己翻译分数的同时，给2013年的考生提供翻译考试的一种整体备考思路。文章原文如下，选入2012考研英语一翻译真题时有部分删改：
Since at least the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science: without it, there is no underlying order and pattern, merely as many explanations as there are things in the world. Newton's laws of motion, the oxygen theory of combustion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory framework。
46. In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything— a single generative equation for all we see. It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the proliferation of dimensions and universes that it might entail. Nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal。
本句主语是one approach，谓宾语是takes this impulse for unification to its extremes，连接词and连接的是一个并列的谓语动词seeks，破折号后面的内容起到对前面补充说明的作用，这句话难在某些词义很难把握，比如take…to extremes，其实这个词组在启航翻译练习里讲到过。
46.在物理学上，一种方法(物理学上的一种方法)把这种统一性的冲动发挥到了极点，并努力寻找一种万能的理论——一条的为我们都明白一切所创造或生成的公式或方法。
This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. 47. Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings。
本句以逗号来理解就显得相对容易，主干是Darwinism seems to offer justification，逗号之间的是一个for引导的原因状语从句，其后还有一个If引导的条件状语从句，这一点我在我的基础班里提到过三个引导词一起出现的情况，比如because if once(因为如果一旦)，it seems reasonable to suppose属于It做形式主语的情况，that在句中做动词suppose的宾语。
47.在这里，达尔文的理论似乎提供了一个理由或依据，因为如果所有的人类都有共同的起源，那么文化多样性也能够追溯到更多可控的起源，持这样的观点似乎是有道理的。
Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered to be forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world's languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. 48. To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms。
本句中的不定式to filter out…from结构在句中做主语，其谓语是might enable to，符合我在冲刺班上讲到的6种谓语必用情况中情态动词做谓语中的一种，what is unique和 what is shared做介词out和 from的宾语，后面how连接的是一个做动词understand的宾语从句，连接词and连接的what从句和前面的how构成两个并列的宾语从句。
48.从我们的共性中过滤出独特性能够使我们理解复杂的文化行为是怎样出现的，以及用进化或认知的概念来说，是什么在引导这种文化行为。
That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today(M. Dunn et al. Nature doi:10.1038/nature 09923; 2011) supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language。
The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who postulated that humans are born with an innate language-acquisition capacity— a brain module or modules specialized for language— that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly. Languages would diversify through changes to the'parameter settings' of the generative rules。
49. The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality, identifying traits(particularly in word order) shared by many languages, which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints. Chomsky's and Greenberg's are not the only theories on the table for how languages evolve, but they make the strongest predictions about universals。
The second属于词组省略现象，应该和上一段的第一句中initiated by Noam Chomsky提出的首创理论相对应，因此second可以理解为第二个观点或看法，后面的by Joshua Greenberg表示由谁来提出，identifying是一个分词短语，起到对前面主句内容补充说明的作用。后面的shared by many languages属于黄涛老师提到的必考的6种后置定语情况，具体可以参加《考研句子阅读新思维》这本书的第一章有详细的论述。最后是一个which引导的定语从句，那which指代那一部分内容很关键，因为其后是复数are，所以which不能指代整个句子，就近往上找到languages，但我们把其词义代进去，发现词义不合适，所以再往前找到一个复数名词traits，其词义就和后面的biases(偏见)合适。其中that属于黄涛英语基础班提到的5大考点的必考点，引导的是一个定语从句。
49.其次/由约华亚格林伯根提出的第二个观点，采取了一个更为经验主义的普遍性方法，识别出了许多语言所共有的特征(特别是词序方面)，这些特征被认为是代表了由认知限制所造成的偏见。
Gray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages. 50. Chomsky's grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it, whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lineage-specific and not governed by universals。
本就前半部分结构简单，主谓宾很清楚，然后是That引导的定语从句，但是因为that后的动词是are，所以该定语从句不修饰change，而是修饰其前面的复数名词patterns，翻译时要指代出来，tracked through it做后置定语，whereas属于《考研句子阅读新思维》一书里提到的常考的并列结构；介词between做后置定语，修饰前面的名词co-dependences.
50.乔姆斯基的语法应该说明了语言变化的模式，这些模式和语言这个家族或通过这个家族所追溯的这个路径是无关的，而格林伯根的普遍性预测了某些特定词序关系之间的紧密的相互依赖性。
This does not mean that cognitive constraints are irrelevant, or that there are no other universals dictated by communication efficiency. It is surely inevitable that cognition sets limits on, say, word length. But such'universals' seem likely to be relatively trivial features of languages, just as may be the case for putative universals in music and other aspects of culture。
The conclusion? We should perhaps learn the lesson of Darwinism: a'universal' mechanism of adaptation says little in itself about how a particular feature got to be the way it is, or about how it works. This truth has dawned on physicists too: universal equations are all very well, but the world actually consists of particular solutions, and these are generally the result of contingent history. One size does not always fit all。
46.在物理学上，一种方法(物理学上的一种方法)把这种统一性的冲动发挥到了极点，并努力寻找一种万能的理论——一条的为我们都明白一切所创造或生成的公式或方法。
47.在这里，达尔文的理论似乎提供了一个理由或依据，因为如果所有的人类都有共同的起源，那么文化多样性也能够追溯到更多可控的起源，持这样的观点似乎是有道理的。
48.从我们的共性中过滤出独特性能够使我们理解复杂的文化行为是怎样出现的，以及用进化或认知的概念来说，是什么在引导这种文化行为。
49.其次/由约书亚格林伯提出的第二个观点，采取了一个更为经验主义的普遍性方法，识别出了许多语言所共有的特征(特别是词序方面)，这些特征被认为是代表了由认知限制所造成的偏见。
50.乔姆斯基的语法应该说明了语言变化的模式，这些模式和语言这个家族或通过这个家族所追溯的这个路径是无关的，而格林伯根安尼的普遍性预测了某些特定词序关系之间的紧密的相互依赖性。
从上面分析可以看出，翻译出题老师这几年来越来越偏向于测试考生的句子结构分析能力和词义的确切表达能力，尤其是某些特殊结构的分析能力，比如，定语后置，省略现象，特殊比较结构，强调结构和否定结构，插入结构，状语从句等8大特殊情况。所以大家一定要提前阅读《考研句子阅读新思维》这本长难句分析的力作。
纵观今年的考研翻译，句子的长度、难度变化很大，句子的结构出现了一些常用的定语从句；状语从句和并列结构和省略，但是难点在于某些词义的理解和表达上。另外从今年的翻译试题中我们也看到，重考了以往考过的不少单词，这也从另外一个方面验证了，复习过程中如果对于历年真题词汇重视的话，往往会得到意想不到的收获。
启示一。重视句子结构分析能力的提高
考研从7年前就已经取消词汇和语法这一题型，于是很多同学觉得语法不重要了，我们认为这是一种错觉，其实，越是高一级的英语测试，就越会测试考生分析句子的能力，即如何“断句”的能力，因此翻译从考研英语诞生的那一天开始就一直没停考过，而且是越考越难，因此对于2013年的考生来说，越是基础薄弱的学生越要从春季基础抓起，学会一些基本的句子分析能力，养成阅读时抓主谓宾，特别是谓语的习惯，同时从句这一关也必须要加强，比如定语从句是翻译每年必考的内容，一定要熟悉掌握。
启示二。加强词义理解能力的训练
很多考生在做英译汉试题时深有体会，经常感觉到句子都看明白了，但是，翻译成汉语时就往往有一种“只可意会不可言传”的感觉。或者即使翻译出来了，总觉得自己的译文没有把意思给说清楚，找不到贴切的词来表达，因而造成做翻译题时耗时较长或者因为个别单词的词义不准确而被扣分。
其实词义表达的难点我们在课堂上训练过。难点之一在于单词的词义是灵活多变的，和派生词语多，今年有一些较难词汇，其实这些派生词并不难，只要大家能追根溯源，就能知道或猜测出它们的意思。难点之二在于固定短语的表达，比如04年的固定动词短语be obliged to sb.(感谢某人)，比如今年_________，
因此我们在上面提供的参考译文，希望大家在对照时，只要觉得自己翻译的意思与我们提供的译文大致相符就行，因为翻译表达是条条大路通罗马，只要句子结构理解没问题就能给基本分。
其实我们生活中要用到翻译的情况很多，比如帮朋友把一篇汉语摘要翻译成英语，把一篇科技文献翻译成中文等。因此希望大家在读英语报刊杂志时自觉养成翻译互译的习惯，多积累，多表达就能提高翻译能力。
OK，本文到此结束，希望对大家有所帮助。