大家好，今天给各位分享2002年考研英语一答案解析的一些知识，其中也会对2002年英语一完型答案解析进行解释，文章篇幅可能偏长，如果能碰巧解决你现在面临的问题，别忘了关注本站，现在就马上开始吧！
本文目录
一、2002考研英语一阅读第一篇第一题为什么不选A
您好，该篇阅读中其实对答案已有呈现，即第一段中“Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different.”其意思就是依据你所相处的人不同，问题就会不同，意思就是制造幽默要因对象而异，答案即C：address different problems to different people。同时Your humor must be relevantto the audience也表示幽默必须与对象有联系，也即你的幽默必须针对不同对象采取不同方式。而take advantage ofdifferent kinds of audience是利用不同观众的意思。英语阅读中比较忌讳考生自己去联想，在中文里面貌似利用不同听众和因听众制宜区别不大，但是就英文来讲就不同了。所以英语阅读答案必须选择文中明确对应的，不能自己过度加以联系。
二、05——07年考研英语阅读及译文
回答字数在10000字以内，所以就放了2005年希望对你有用。
Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as“all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well.
The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of“goods and services” than males.
Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de waal's; study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.
In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods(and much preferable to cucumbers) So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber.Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber(without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to reduce resentment in a female capuchin.
The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions, in the wild, they are a co-operative, groupliving species, Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone, Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems form the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by
[B]. justifying an assumption.
[D]. explaining a phenomenon.
22. The statement“it is all too monkey”(Last line, paragraph l) implies that
[A]. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.
[B]. resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature.
[C]. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other.
[D]. no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.
23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are
[A]. more inclined to weigh what they get.
[B]. attentive to researchers' instructions.
[C]. nice in both appearance and temperament.
[D]. more generous than their male companions
24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys
[A]. prefer grapes to cucumbers.
[B]. can be taught to exchange things.
[C]. will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.
[D]. are unhappy when separated from others.
25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
[A]. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.
[B]. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.
[C]. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.
[D]. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.
assumption（假定；承担；呈现）是assume的名词形式；见1997年Text 2。.参consumption，2002年Text 3。assumption— the mother of screw-up臆断——把事情弄糟的根源。underlying assumption潜在的假定。
grievance/n.委屈冤情不平。申诉人提出不满意见交付仲裁者。悲痛伤心事不幸忧伤。因为有冤情（）而满怀悲痛（）向申诉人申诉。
tardily adv.缓慢。形容词形式拖拉的。（谐音记忆：他地，工作是他的，所以我可以拖拉）
counterpart（相似或对应的人或物）即counter+part，counter-前缀“对等”，part部分，“对等的部分”。见2000年 Passage 4。
token n.表示,向征,记号,代币 adj.象征的,表意的。Tears are queer tokens of happiness.眼泪是快乐的一种奇怪的表示。
reluctant（不愿的，勉强的）即re+luct+ant，re-看作“反复”，luct可看作词根lect“选择”，-ant形容词后缀，人们都不愿反反复复地作选择，所以“反复选择”→不愿的。Suggestion systems can work— don't be reluctant to use them.建议制度是有效的——不要不愿使用它们。
indignation n.愤慨,义愤。记忆：in-dig挖（坑）-nation，挖坑藏在里面的民族，能不愤慨吗？比如老萨，呵呵。形容词形式 indignant adj.愤怒的,愤慨的
①Such behaviour is regarded as“all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.
前一分句是句子的主句，其中使用了短语regard…as…的被动形式；with加名词作状语，即“带有潜在的假定”，其中assumption后接有that引导的同位语从句解释说明假定的内容。
翻译：这种行为被看作是“人之长情”，他潜在的假定就是其他动物不可能有这种高度发达的不公平意识。
②when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.
该句子的主句是their behaviour became markedly different.前面是when引导的时间状语从句，其中包含了so that引导的目的状语从句。
翻译：当两个猴子被安置在隔开但相邻的两个房间里，能够互相看见对方用石头换回来什么东西时，猴子的行为就会变的明显不同。
这篇文章是讲猴子有一种天然的公平意识，文章本身难度不是太大，一开始做了一个类比，讲人的公平意识。然后根据这个类比，文章重点谈猴子们的公平意识。这篇对比性的文章两个方面要理解，第一，人类和猴子之间都有一种近似的表现，当受到不公正待遇的时候，都有义愤填膺的感觉，如果把握这个逻辑，就是类比的逻辑。第二,最后两段关于选择的实验的对象以及实验的结果。
21题，我们应该选择C，考察第一段的写作手法，明显用的是猴和人之间的相似形的比较关系。
22题答案是B，也是在把猴子和人做类比，指出猴子与人一样都抱怨不公平
23题答案选A，这个是事实细节题，答案是根据文章第三段第一句话得到的，雌性的猴子被选择做研究，是因为她们更加注重她们获得的东西。
24题答案选择C，他们最终的发现是什么，篇章最后两段反复重复，如果没有受到公平的话，
25题选择B.这篇文章第一段和最后一段都出现一个词，"假设"为什么猴和人都有这种心理反应，这个问题没有得以解决。
人人都喜欢大幅加薪，但是当你知道一个同事薪水加得比你还要多的时候，那么加薪带给你的喜悦感就消失的无影无踪了。如果他还以懒散出名的话，你甚至会变得怒不可遏。这种行为被看作是“人之长情”，其潜在的假定其他动物不可能具有如此高度发达的不公平意识。但是由佐治亚州亚特兰大埃里莫大学的Sarah Brosnan和Frans de Waal进行的一项研究表明，它也是“猴之常情”。这项研究成果刚刚发表在《自然》杂志上。
研究者们对雌性棕色卷尾猴的行为进行了研究。它们看起来很可爱，性格温顺，合作，乐于分享食物。最重要的是，就象女人们一样，它们往往比雄性更关注“商品和服务”价值。这些特性使它们成为Brosnan和 de Waal理想的研究对象。研究者们花了两年的时间教这些猴子用代币换取食物。正常情况下，猴子很愿意用几块石头换几片黄瓜。但是，当两个猴子被安置在隔开但相邻的两个房间里，能够互相看见对方用石头换回来什么东西时，猴子的行为就会变的明显不同。
在卷尾猴的世界里，葡萄是奢侈品（比黄瓜受欢迎得多）。所以当一只猴子用一个代币换回一颗葡萄时，第二只猴子就不愿意用自己的代币换回一片黄瓜。如果一只猴子根本无需用代币就能够得到一颗葡萄的话，那么另外一只就会将代币掷向研究人员或者扔出房间外，或者拒绝接受那片黄瓜。事实上，只要在另一房间里出现了葡萄（不管有没有猴子吃它），都足以引起雌卷尾猴的怨恨。
研究人员指出，正如人类一样，卷尾猴也受社会情感的影响。在野外，它们是相互合作的群居动物。只有当每只猴子感到自己没有受到欺骗时，这种合作才可能稳定。不公平而引起的愤怒感似乎不是人类的专利。拒绝接受较少的酬劳可以让这些情绪准确无误地传达给其它成员。但是这种公平感是在卷尾猴和人类身上各自独立演化而成，还是来自三千五百万前他们共同的祖先，这还是一个悬而未决的问题。
Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.
There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel's report“Science never has all the answers.But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”
Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.
Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it's obvious that a majority of the president's advisers still don't take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research-a classic case of“paralysis by analysis”.
To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures.A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry is a promising start Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.
26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that
[A]. there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death.
[B]. the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant.
[C]. people had the freedom to choose their own way of life.
[D]. antismoking people were usually talking nonsense.
27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as
28. What does the author mean by“paralysis by analysis”(Last line, paragraph 4)
[A]. Endless studies kill action.
[B]. Careful investigation reveals truth.
[C]. prudent planning hinders.
[D]. Extensive research helps decision-making.
29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about
[A]. Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.
[B]. Raise public awareness of conservation.
[C]. Press for further scientific research.
[D]. Take some legislative measures.
30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because
[A]. they both suffered from the government's negligence.
[B]. a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former.
[C]. the outcome of the latter aggravates the former.
[D]. both of them have turned from bad to worse.
prudentadj.谨慎的。It's prudent to take a thick coat in cold weather when you go out.在寒冷的天气下外出时带上件厚外套是谨慎的。名词形式prudencen.审慎。记忆：rude粗鲁的，无礼的，p不-rude粗鲁的-ent形容词后缀
paralysisn.瘫痪,麻痹。 para-侧面。参见2003年Text 2。
paraphrase（n.v.释意）即para+phrase，para-前缀表“在旁边、辅助”，phrase即“短语；用短语表达”，故“用短语辅助表达”→释意。以para-为前缀的单词还有paragraph（文章的段、节；短评）←para+graph写；parameter（参数）←para+meter计量；parasite（寄生虫）←para+site地点。
analysis n.分析,分解。记忆：an-a-lysis，后缀同上，分析成一个an,a。联想：反义词synthesisn.综合,合成
take the legislative initiative
take the initiative带头,开始着手 took the initiative in trying to solve the problem.开始着手试图解决这个问题
initiative n.主动。名词形式initiatevt.开始,发动,传授 v.开始,发起
legislative adj.立法的,立法机关的 n.立法机关。参见1999 Passage 4。legislation（立法；法规）看作leg+is+lat(e)+ion，leg词根“法律”（参allegation宣称，2003年Text 2），is是，late迟的，-ion名词后缀，“法律是迟的”→旧法律难以适应新事物→所以要不断“立法”→“立法”之产物即“法规”。
①The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.
主干部分是The latest was a panel，表语panel后接有两个定语成分：from的介词短语和含enlisted的过去分词，即“白宫召集的、来自国家科学院的专家团”，其中第二个定语成分中又包含一个不定式结构，表目的，即“为了告诉我们……而召集的（专家团）”。
翻译：最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批来自国家科学院的专家团，他们告诉我们，地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖，而这个问题主要是人为造成的。
②But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”
该句子的主干是由and连接的两个并列从句，前一分句的主干是science…provide us with…guide；后一分句的主干是it is critical，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。从句的主干是our nation and the world base…policies on…judgments，judgments后接有两个定语结构，一是that引导的定语从句，一是concerning分词结构。
翻译：但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导，关键是我们的国家和整个的世界在做重要决策时，应该以科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响最好的判断作为依据。
③Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure。
该句子的主干是voices now come from many quarters；句首Just as结构做比较状语，意为“正如…一样”；insisting引导的分词结构做定语修饰主语voice，分词结构中含有两个并列的由that引导的宾语从句，第二个宾语从句的真实主语是不定式结构to keep…
翻译：就象吸烟问题一样，来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学资料还不完整。
第二篇文章是一篇一般的时事性文章，这也是一篇类比，考完了以后很多考生说这篇文章讲抽烟，其实不是的，作者讲抽烟是想说明现在的温室效应，也是一种类比，许多人抽烟没有人去管，因为缺乏足够的证据,咱们各国政府也不管温室效应,也是同样的原因。中心讲的是世界各个政府对温室效应的解决的态度，篇章的关键词围绕这样三个问题展开，第一个就是证据不充足。第二是科学的意义。第三是制定法律，尤其最后三段大量出现立法和法规的现象，
27应该选D，科学应该作为一个指导性，是答案是根据文章第2段的最后两句话。
28题是猜单词题，单词所在的句子的意思是有些人总要科学证据，结果抹杀了行动。所以选A。29答案选择D，采取某种法律措施，法律在最后的段落重复的最多。
30题作者谈的抽烟的教训对我们温室处理也是一样的，选B。
还记得科学家们认为吸烟会致人死亡，而那些怀疑者们却坚持认为我们无法对此得出定论的时候吗？还记得怀疑者们坚持认为缺乏决定性的证据，科学也不确定的时候吗？还记得怀疑者们坚持认为反对吸烟的游说是为了毁掉我们的生活方式，而政府应该置身事外的时候吗？许多美国人相信了这些胡言乱语，在三十多年中，差不多有一千万烟民早早的进了坟墓。
现在出现了与吸烟类似的令人感到难过的事情。科学家们前仆后继，试图使我们意识到全球气候变暖所带来的日益严重的威胁。最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批来自国家科学院的专家团，他们告诉我们，地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖，而这个问题主要是人为造成的。明确的信息表明是我们应该立刻着手保护自己。国家科学院院长Bruce Alberts在专家团报告的前言中加上了这一重要观点：“科学解答不了所有问题。但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导，关键是我们的国家和整个的世界在做重要决策时，应该以科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响最好的判断作为依据。
就象吸烟问题一样，来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学资料还不完整。在我们证实这件事之前可以向大气中不断的排放气体。这是一个危险的游戏；到了有百分之百的证据的时候，可能就太晚了。随着风险越来越明显，并且不断增加，一个谨慎的民族现在应该准备一份保单了。
幸运的是，白宫开始关注这件事了。但是显然大多数总统顾问并没有认真看待全球气候变暖这个问题。他们没有出台行动计划，相反只是继续迫切要求进行更多的研究――这是一个经典的“分析导致麻痹案例”。
为了成为地球上有责任心的一员，我们必须积极
三、2002年全国硕士研究生入院统一考试英语完形填空
Read thefollowing text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C OR D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)
Comparisons were drawn between thedevelopment of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing inthe 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 1.As was discussed before, it was not 2 the 19th century that the newspaper becamethe dominant pre-electronic_ 3 _，following in the wake of thepamphlet and the book and in the 4 ofthe periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution 5 up, beginning with transport, the railway, andleading 6 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio,and motion pictures 7 the 20th century world of themotor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that Process in 8. It is important to do so.
It is generally recognized, 9,that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 10 by the invention of the integrated circuitduring the 1960s, radically changed the process, 11 its impact on the media was not immediately 12. As time went by, computers became smallerand more powerful, and they became“personal” too, as well as 13, with display becoming sharper andstorage 14 increasing. They were thought of, like people, 15 generations, with the distance betweengenerations much 16.
It was within the computer age that theterm“information society” began to be widely used to describe the 17 within which we now live. The communicationsrevolution has 18 both work and leisure and how we think andfeel both about place and time, but there have been 19 view about its economic, political, social andcultural implications.“Benefits” have been weighed 20“harmful” outcomes. And generalizations haveproved difficult.
1.［A］between［B］before［C］since［D］later
2.［A］after［B］by［C］during［D］until
3.［A］means［B］method［C］medium［D］measure
4.［A］process［B］company［C］light［D］form
5.［A］gathered［B］speeded［C］worked［D］picked
6.［A］on［B］out［C］over［D］off
7.［A］of［B］for［C］beyond［D］into
8.［A］concept［B］dimension［C］effect［D］perspective
9.［A］indeed［B］hence［C］however［D］therefore
10.［A］brought［B］followed［C］stimulated［D］characterized
11.［A］unless［B］since［C］lest［D］although
12.［A］apparent［B］desirable［C］negative［D］plausible
13.［A］institutional［B］universal［C］fundamental［D］instrumental
14.［A］ability［B］capability［C］capacity［D］faculty
15.［A］by means of［B］in terms of［C］with regard to［D］inline with
16.［A］deeper［B］fewer［C］nearer［D］smaller
17.［A］context［B］range［C］scope［D］territory
18.［A］regarded［B］impressed［C］influenced［D］effected
19.［A］competitive［B］controversial［C］distracting［D］irrational
20.［A］above［B］upon［C］against［D］with
1. [A] between在…当中，在空间、位置或时间的中间
[B] before在此之前早些时候，在…前面
[解析]本题考核的知识点是：时间副词的用法辨析。
解此题关键看两个方面，一是理解文章第一句话的含义：人们曾对20世纪电视的发展以及15世纪和16世纪印刷术的传播进行了比较。二是注意转折连词yet的用法，yet一般标志着接下来的内容与前面的内容出现了较大的不同，如：She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time.（她说她会迟到，但她却准时到达了）。文中第二句话结构非常简单，主语和谓语都无法体现与第一句话的强烈对照，这时只能通过空格里填入的时间状语来体现了，因此这个时间副词应与第一句话中的时间状语in the 20th century和 in the 15th and 16thcenturies相呼应并对照。接下来关键看这个时间副词表示的是哪个时间段，15、16世纪之前，20世纪之后还是两者之间。其实我们从下文中的the 19th century也可以推断出正确答案是between，即“然而，在这两个时段之间却发生了很多事情”。
2. [A] after [B] by [C] during [D] until
[解析]本题考核的知识点是：固定句型。
空格所在的句子是一个强调句型：it was+时间状语+ that。四个选项中能与not搭配的只有until，not until表示“直到……才……”，整个句意是“直到十九世纪，报纸才成为电子时代到来前主要的……”。如：It was not until the afternoon that he begun to tackle theproblem.（直到下午他才开始解决问题）。
3. [A] means方式，方法，手段 [B] method方法
[C] medium（表达或传播的）媒介 [D] measure措施，步骤，方法
[解析]本题考核的知识点是：名词词义辨析。
本题相关部分是the newspaper became the dominantpre-electronic_ 3 _, following in the wake of the pamphletand the book，其中in the wake of意为“紧跟…之后，接踵而来”，如：Outbreaks of disease occurred in the wake of the drought.（那场旱灾过后，疾病肆虐）。因此整个句子的含义是“报纸继宣传册和书之后成为电子时代到来前主要的__ 3_ _”从句意来看，空格处填入的名词应概括newspaper、pamphlet和book的共同特点，根据常识，报纸、宣传册和图书都只能是传播信息的媒介（medium），而不是方法或措施。Medium可特指“大众传播手段，包括报纸、杂志、广播或电视等”，如：Commercial television is a medium for advertising.（商业电视是一种广告媒介）。
4. [A](in the) process(of)在……过程中
[B](in the) company(of)在……陪伴下，与……同时出现
[C](in the) light(of)按照，根据
[D](in the) form(of)以……的形式
[解析]本题考核的知识点是：上下文语义+介词短语辨析。
5. [A]gathered(up)收集，蜷缩，概括
[C] worked(up)逐步建立，逐步发展，逐步引起，整理
[D] picked(up)拾起，染上，学到，整理，收听到，好转
[解析]本题考核的知识点是：动词短语辨析。
根据语义，恰当选项是speededup，表示“通信革命加速发展”。文中所在句子用了强调结构It was during the same timethat，强调时间状语19世纪，表明在这一时期不但报纸成为主要媒介，而且通信革命也取得了重大的成果：运输业、铁路、电报、电话、无线电、电影都在发展。
6. [A](lead) on引导，率领……继续前进
[B](lead) out开始，领舞伴起舞
[解析]本题考核的知识点是：短语动词搭配+副词词义辨析。
7. [A] of…的，属于…的；有关…的
[B] for为了；代表；以…为目的地；因为
[C] beyond超出（理解、范围、眼界）之上
[D] into进入…之内；成为…状态
[解析]本题考核的知识点是：介词用法辨析。
根据上一题的分析，句子空格处需要一个介词和前面的begin with，lead on through一起来表达通信革命发展的全过程。选项中只有into符合，而且它和前面的leading相呼应，表达“进入20世纪的汽车和飞机时代”。
[B] dimension长度，宽度，高度，尺寸，大小
[C]（in）effect实际上，事实上，简直是
[D]（in）perspective正确地、如实的（观察事物）
[解析]本题考核的知识点是：句内语义+介词短语搭配。
9. [A] indeed实际上，确实（表强调） [B] hence因此，所以，（表因果关系）
[C] however然而，（表转折关系） [D] therefore因此，（表因果关系）
[解析]本题考核的知识点是：逻辑关系。
从结构上看，空格所在句子是一个it做形式主语的完整的主语从句It is generally recognized that the introduction of the computerradically changed the process。空格由两个逗号隔开，在主语从句中是插入语。从四个选项看，这里需填入一个逻辑连接词，表明这个句子和其前文之间的逻辑关系。
从语义上看，第一段主要论述在15、16世纪和20世纪之间发生了很多事情，如：报纸等媒介的出现和通信革命的发展。第二段一、二句综合指出正确看待这个过程很重要。从空格所在这一句开始，文章提出“计算机的出现极大地改变了这个进程”，可以判断这里的逻辑关系为转折。选项中只有however表转折。
[D] characterized表现……的特色，刻画的……性格
11. [A] unless除非，（引导条件状语从句）
[B] since自……以来，既然，（引导时间、原因状语从句）
[C] lest惟恐，以免，（引导条件状语从句）
[D] although虽然，尽管，（引导让步状语从句）
[解析]本题考核的知识点是：逻辑关系。
在做本题之前，先做第12题比较好。空格前文提到，计算机的出现大大改变了这种进程，接着空格下文又说它对媒体的影响没有立即见效。显然，这里的逻辑关系为让步。四个选项中，只有although符合要求，意为“极大地改变了这一进程。虽然对媒体的影响并没有立即见效。”
[B] desirable值得要的，合意的，令人想要的，悦人心意的
[C] negative否定的，消极的，负的，阴性的
[解析]本题考核的知识点是：上下文语义+形容词词义辨析。
13. [A] institutional惯例的；公共机构的，社会事业性质的
[B] universal全体的，普通的，大众化的
[C] fundamental基础的，根本的，必要的
[D] instrumental起作用的，有助于，一般做表语
[解析]本题考核的知识点是：句内语义+形容词词义辨析。
14. [A] ability [B] capability
[解析]本题考核的知识点是：名词词义辨析。
从结构上看，空格所在句子是with引导的分词独立结构：with display（逻辑主语）becoming sharper（现在分词结构） and storage 14（逻辑主语）increasing（现在分词），来修饰前面的主句做状语。从语义上看，“计算机也成了个人工具，是随着其显示效果（display）越来越清晰（sharper）和存储…的提高”，因此空格和storage搭配后应指“（计算机的）存储能力”。考生关键要判断哪个名词能与storage搭配。四个选项都可以表示“能力”，但只有capacity可以指承受力或容纳力，和storage是固定搭配，表“存储能力”。例如：The hall has aseating capacity of 200 people（大厅可容纳200人）。
15. [A] by means of用…，依靠…，通过…
[B] in terms of按照，在…方面，从…角度
[D] in line with符合，和…一致
[解析]本题考核的知识点是：介词短语辨析。
空格所在句子是They were thought of, like people, 15 generations，其中主语they指的仍然是computers，插入语意为“像人一样”，谓语是被动语态形式were thoughtof，指“被考虑，被想”，可见，空格和generations（一代人，世代，衍生代）一起做状语，修饰谓语，说明电脑是怎样被看待考虑的。因此考生重点要区分A、B选项，A选项by means of强调“用某种方式或手段”，而B选项in terms of可以强调用某个字眼、措辞及它所传达的概念，如：Give theanswer in terms of a percentage.（用百分比来回答）。根据文意，“计算机与人一样，都可以按照代（generations）来划分”，这里使用generation更多地是借用这个词和它的概念，因此正确选项为B。
[解析]本题考核的知识点是：习惯搭配。
本题要求考生判断哪个形容词的比较级可以修饰the distance。选项中只有smaller可以，表示“距离减小”。注意，英文中不能用near形容distance来表达“距离近”，而只用small或big这类的词来形容距离的远近。许多考生选择了A或C，是因为受到了中文思维的影响，觉得距离可以是深浅和远近。
17. [A] context（事情发生的）环境，背景
[B] range山脉；（种类变化的）范围，幅度；射程
[C] scope（处理，研究事物的）范围；（做某事物的）机会,余地
[D] territory领土,版图
[解析]本题考核的知识点是：名词词义辨析。
空格所在句子是一个强调句型It was within thecomputer age that…，其大意是：正是在这个计算机时代，“信息社会”开始被广泛用来描述我们现在所生活的……。information society描述的当然是society，因此考生关键要判断哪个选项和society属于同一语义范畴，显然我们不能说society是“范围（range/scope）”或“领土（territory）”，而只能说是一种“环境或背景（context）”。
18. [A] regarded看待，把…作为，尊敬，涉及 [B] impressed留下印象，盖印
[C] influenced影响 [D] effected产生，招致，实现
[解析]本题考核的知识点是：动词词义辨析。
空格所在句子是The communications revolutionhas 18 both work and leisure and how we think andfeel both about place and time，因此考生需判断哪个动词可以描述句子主语“通信革命”对宾语“我们的工作和休闲方式以及对时间和空间的思考和感知方式”所做的动作。显然influenced是正确选项，句意为“通信革命影响了我们的众多方式”，其他三个选项和work和leisure搭配后从语义上都讲不通。
例句补充：I have always regarded him highly.（我总把他看得很高）；I wrote down whatever impressedme during the journey.（我记下旅行过程中使我感动的所有事物）；The newmanager effected several changes in the company.（新来的经理在公司里促成了好几次改革）。
19. [A] competitive竞争的 [B] controversial有争议的
[C] distracting注意力不集中的 [D] irrational无理性的，不合理的
[解析]本题考核的知识点是：上下文语义+形容词词义辨析。
20. [A] above在…上，超出 [B] upon在…上
[C] against对照，对比，与…相反 [D] with和…，同…在一起
[解析]本题考核的知识点是：习惯搭配。
解答本题，考生关键要知道weigh sth. against sth.或sth. is weighed against sth.是固定搭配，意为“权衡，斟酌”，如：weigh one plan against another（比较一计划与另一计划的优劣）。空格所在句子的含义是“把利益和产生的弊端进行了权衡”。
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